Created by Carole Yue. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/processing-the-environment/drug-dependence/v/routes-of-drug-entry?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/processing-the-environment/drug-dependence/v/psychoactive-drugs-hallucinogens?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions! About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content. For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1 Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy

SKIP AHEAD: 0:32 – Substance Abuse vs. Substance Dependence 2:51 – Miosis vs. Mydriasis 3:21 – Uppers/Stimulants (Cocaine, Meth & MDMA/Ecstacy) 5:57 – Downers/Depressants Intoxication & Overdose (Alcohol, Opioids, Heroin) 10:58 - Downer Withdrawal 12:18 – Hallucinogen (PCP, LSD & Mushrooms) 14:15 – Marijuana/Cannabis Alcohol Link - http://www.stomponstep1.com/alcohol-metabolism-methanol-poisoning-fatty-change/ Psychosis Link - http://www.stomponstep1.com/psychosis-schizophrenia-schizoaffective-disorder-delusional-disorder-hallucinations/ Donate Link - http://www.stomponstep1.com/donate/ Substance dependence is an adaption to a pattern of substance use. It is primarily characterized by withdrawal (or symptoms that occur when use of the drug is discontinued), tolerance (or needing more to obtain the same desired effect), and spending a significant portion of their time engaged in drug related activities. Substance abuse is an overindulgence in an addictive substance as a result of a lack of control. It can be thought of as a more extreme version of substance dependence in which individuals have significant negative life effects with work relationships or school), poor health, or legal problems as a result of their substance use. In the general public this pattern of substance abuse would more generally be referred to as an addiction. There is very specific DSM criteria for each of these terms, but that isn’t important for the exam. For simplicity sake we will break the drugs down into 3 different categories. The 3 categories are Uppers, Downers and Hallucinogens. There are slight differences between drugs within individual categories, but for the most part you can get questions right by just knowing the general characteristics of the entire group. For example, you won’t see both cocaine and MDMA listed as answers on the same question. Also remember to not confuse intoxication and withdrawal. Most questions are on drug intoxication, but they may specifically ask you about withdrawal which usually has symptoms that are just the opposite of intoxication. So make sure you read the question carefully. For example, the question stem may fit stimulant withdrawal and depressant intoxication, but the last sentence of the question specifically asks about withdrawal. Keep in mind the most important things for Step 1 questions are the changes to the vitals and pupils. These should be the buzzwords you are looking for. You will almost always be given this information in these types of questions and if you just have that info you can usually narrow it down to at least 2 options. Also make sure you don’t get mydriasis vs. miosis confused. Mydriasis is the bigger word and has the bigger pupils. Miosis is the smaller word and has the smaller pupils. And obviously the best way to confirm a diagnosis of drug use is a urine drug screen and mental health services are important in the treatment of addiction. However, that is too easy so you won’t see either of those as an answer on the exam so I’m not going to spend much time on that. That brings us to Uppers or stimulants…. Now I’ll try my hardest to not make 20 references to Breaking Bad during this section, but I can’t make any promises. Most of the questions related to this category will be about cocaine, which is usually smoked in the form of crack cocaine or snorted. However, other street drugs such as Methamphetamines (Meth) & MDMA (Ecstasy & Molly) are also in this group. Prescription drugs used for ADHD, narcolepsy and weight loss are also stimulants, but are less likely to show up in this type of Step 1 question. The text for this video is too long and exceeds Youtubes Max. For the rest please go to http://www.stomponstep1.com/substance-abuse-intoxication-withdrawal-uppers-downers-hallucinogens-mdma-lsd-pcp/ Pictures Used:  Derivative of “Occhi222” by Ladysiria17 available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Occhi222.jpg via Public Domain  Derivative of “Anizokoria” by Radomil available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anizokoria.JPG via Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution-Share Alike  “Crystal Meth” by Radspunk available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crystal_Meth.jpg via Creative Commons 4.0 Attribution-Share Alike  “Man sniffing” available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Man_sniffing.jpg  “Alcohol desgracia” by RayNata available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alcohol_desgracia.jpg via Creative Commons Attribution – Share Alike  Derivative of “Amanita muscaria crop” by Onderwijsgek available at https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2006-10-25_Amanita_muscaria_crop.jpg via Creative Commons 3.0 Attribution-Share Alike  Derivative of “kaleidoscope explosion colors” available at https://pixabay.com/en/kaleidoscope-explosion-colors-577317/ via Public Domain

This is the pilot episode in our new series on public health. In this video we present a summary of the Rat Park experiments that took place in the 1970's and the cause of addiction. This video was produced by http://minutevideos.com with these lovely people: Script: Solongo Jargalsaikhan Storyboard: Pascal Gaggelli Art: Tappy Nolipping Voice: Matt Abbott Editing: Ake Sompol It was produced with the consent of Johann Hari, the author of the book "Chasing The Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs". Please checkout the book's website here: http://chasingthescream.com Also Checkout Stuart McMillen's comic strip here: http://www.stuartmcmillen.com/comics_en/rat-park/ If you are interested in sponsoring this series or if you'd like to make a video like this for yourself, please visit us at www.minutevideos.com or email us to info@minutevideos.com Have a lovely day and please let us know your thoughts in the comments :)

Watch how Gin became popular and got Londoners drunk for half a century.

My new book: https://www.darkwebstersdictionary.com/ Upcoming feature film:

Created by Carole Yue. Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/processing-the-environment/drug-dependence/v/substance-use-disorders?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/processing-the-environment/drug-dependence/v/reward-pathway-in-the-brain?utm_source=YT&utm_medium=Desc&utm_campaign=mcat MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions! About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content. For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1 Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy

Ed O'Reily from Neil Kennedy Recovery Clinic describes the difference between drug dependence and addiction. If you would like to assist anyone with a drug addiction please visit http://www.nkrc.org/.

Following rising concerns about the availability and misuse of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), also known as 'Legal Highs'; WCADA's Young Persons service (SWITCH) have worked with young people to develop an animation to raise awareness around these substances.